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A tow truck is a vehicle designed to carry and transport vehicles that are disabled or otherwise in trouble. It can also be used to haul other types of cargo.
A tow truck has a number of important features that help it tow safely and efficiently. These include the engine’s capacity, transmission, and equipment packages.
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
GVWR is the maximum weight rating established by the chassis manufacturer for a specific vehicle. It is based on the load-bearing limits of the suspension system, frame, axles and wheels.
Usually, a vehicle’s GVWR is shown on the driver-side door placard or in the owner’s manual. GVWR is important when towing because it will affect how much weight you can haul safely and effectively with the tow hitch attached.
To determine the maximum safe load a truck can carry, subtract its curb weight from its GVWR. Curb weight is the weight of the vehicle without any passengers, cargo, or other items added.
You should never exceed a vehicle’s GVWR when towing, as it will shorten the lifespan of the truck and potentially cause severe damage to your trailer. Depending on the state you live in, exceeding your GVWR could also result in ticket fines. Keeping this in mind is crucial for your safety and the safety of everyone on the road with you.
Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR)
If you’re a trucker who wants to know the maximum weight capacity of your tow truck, you may want to learn about its Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR). This is the combined weight of your tow vehicle and any trailer you attach it to.
GCWR is set from the factory, and it is determined by combining the vehicle’s curb weight, payload and trailer weight. But you’ll also need to take into account the weight of passengers and cargo, plus all of the fluids you use while driving.
The GCWR is usually established by the manufacturers of the chassis, based on SAE International guidelines. GCWR is an extremely important rating for a tow truck because it determines the safety of both the vehicle and its trailer.
Trailer Weight
The Trailer Weight of a tow truck is the total weight of the trailer and its cargo, including the tongue and pin weights. This is a critical element of towing, as it ensures that the vehicle and trailer are in balance while on the road.
It also helps prevent over-towing or under-towing of the tow vehicle. It’s best to weigh your vehicle when it is fully loaded, including passengers, cargo and any towing hitch installed.
This measurement differs from GVWR, which is a calculation of how much a vehicle can carry. It does not account for any fluids a vehicle may have, such as gasoline, oil or wiper fluid.
Trailer Tongue Weight
Tongue weight is the amount of downward force exerted by a trailer on the hitch ball. Proper tongue weight helps the tow vehicle handle better, and is also important for safety when driving.
If the tongue weight is too light, a condition called trailer sway could develop, which can cause your vehicle to sway back and forth. This can be dangerous to the driver and others on the road.
The tongue weight of a trailer is typically between 10 and 15 percent of the total loaded trailer weight. For a conventional trailer, this means about 300 to 450 pounds.